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<H2>Immigrant Entrepreneurs</H2>
<font size="2"> From <i>Research Perspectives on Migration, Vol. 1, No. 2, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace -- International Migration Policy Project</i>, with permission.</font>
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<LI>Immigrants often have personal characteristics similar to
those of entrepreneurs.
<br><br>
<LI>In every decennial census from 1880 to 1990, immigrants are
more likely to be self-employed than natives.
<br><br>
<LI>Data are sorely lacking on the number of jobs and the amount
of wealth that immigrant entrepreneurs create, on the forward
and backward economic linkages they foster within the nation's
economy, and on the export/import trade they develop with their
home countries.
<br><br>
<LI>Impressionistic data indicate that immigrant firms are usually
quite small and tend to employ co-ethnics and family. Nevertheless,
they are sufficiently powerful in the aggregate to have revitalized
many neighborhoods, particularly in hard-hit urban areas.
<br><br>
<LI>Evidence suggests that over the last three decades, immigrants
have played a significant role in reversing the nationwide decline
in the rate of non-farm self-employment.
<br><br>
<LI>There are great variations in the self-employment rates of
different immigrant and ethnic groups. Researchers disagree about
the reason for this variation, with some proposing that it is
the result of the human or financial capital of individual immigrants,
and others suggesting that immigrant communities are themselves
differential sources of entrepreneurial energy.
<br><br>
<LI>Researchers also disagree about the nature and potential of
the immigrant firm. Overall, the immigrant firm seems neither
to exploit nor favor co-ethnics, while offering the self-employed
an opportunity for socio-economic advancement.
<br><br>
<LI>If the social capital embedded in relationships of solidarity
and trust among co-ethnics is in fact a significant source of
economic strength, it may be a key &quot;missing ingredient&quot;
in minority poverty analyses, which have typically focused on
perceived individual or societal flaws, rather than on the communities
within which individuals live.
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<hr>
The above is the executive summary of an article in <i>Research Perspectives on Migration, Vol. 1, No. 1, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace -- International Migration Policy Project</i>
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The complete article can be viewed <a href="http://www.ceip.org/programs/migrat/rpm2sum.htm"><b>|HERE|</b></a>
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