Railroads: 8,401 km 1.435-meter standard gauge; 479 km electrified

Highways: 49,615 km total; 26,915 km bituminous; 16,500 km gravel or crushed stone; 4,000 km improved earth; 2,200 km unimproved earth (1985)

Inland waterways: about 1,200 km

Pipelines: 1,738 km crude oil; 2,321 km refined products; 708 km natural gas

Ports: Iskenderun, Istanbul, Mersin; 13 secondary, 18 minor

Merchant marine: 338 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,902,804 GRT/4,903,531 DWT; includes 7 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 205 cargo, 1 container, 5 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 1 livestock carrier, 37 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 17 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 4 combination ore/oil, 52 bulk, 4 combination bulk

Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft (1985)

Airports: 121 total, 114 usable; 68 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m; 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 27 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: fair domestic and international systems; trunk radio relay network; 3,100,000 telephones; stations--15 AM; 34 (60 repeaters) FM; 61 (296 repeaters) TV; 2 communications satellite ground stations operating in the INTELSAT and EUTELSAT systems; 1 submarine telephone cable

NOTE: The information regarding Turkey on this page is re-published from the 1989 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkey Communications 1989 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkey Communications 1989 should be addressed to the CIA.