Railroads: 439 km total; 260 km 1.435-meter standard gauge all single track, government owned; 179 km 1.435-meter gauge, privately owned

Highways: 77,785 km total; 22,780 km paved, 24,720 km gravel, 14,450 km earth roads, and 15,835 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Rio Orinoco and Lago de Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels

Pipelines: 6,370 km crude oil; 480 km refined products; 4,010 km natural gas

Ports: Amuay Bay, Bajo Grande, El Tablazo, La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, Puerto Ordaz

Merchant marine: 72 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 853,078 GRT/1,352,660 DWT; includes 1 short-sea passenger, 1 passenger-cargo, 32 cargo, 1 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 17 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 chemical tanker, 2 liquefied gas, 10 bulk, 1 vehicle carrier, 2 combination bulk

Civil air: 58 major transport aircraft

Airports: 273 total, 243 usable; 110 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 84 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: modern and expanding; 1,440,000 telephones; stations--181 AM, no FM, 59 TV, 26 shortwave; 3 submarine coaxial cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite station with 2 antennas; 3 domestic satellite stations

NOTE: The information regarding Venezuela on this page is re-published from the 1989 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Venezuela Communications 1989 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Venezuela Communications 1989 should be addressed to the CIA.