Population:
691,141
note: the Factbook population estimate is consistent with the first modern census of Bhutan, conducted in 2005; previous Factbook population estimates for this country, which were on the order of three times the total population reported here, were based on Bhutanese government publications that did not include the census (July 2009 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years: 30.2% (male 106,410/female 102,164)
15-64 years: 64.3% (male 235,988/female 208,484)
65 years and over: 5.5% (male 20,169/female 17,926) (2009 est.)

Median age:
total: 23.9 years
male: 24.5 years
female: 23.3 years (2009 est.)

Population growth rate:
1.267% (2009 est.)

Birth rate:
20.07 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Death rate:
7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)

Net migration rate:
NA (2009 est.)

Urbanization:
urban population: 35% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 4.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate:
total: 49.36 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 50.38 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 48.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 66.13 years
male: 65.33 years
female: 66.97 years (2009 est.)

See also: Healthy Life Expectancy

See also: Health Performance

Total fertility rate:
2.38 children born/woman (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
less than 0.1% (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
fewer than 100 (2007 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Nationality:
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese

Ethnic groups:
Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%

Religions:
Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%

Languages:
Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47%
male: 60%
female: 34% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 10 years
male: 11 years
female: 10 years (2006)