Page last updated on February 5, 2013
Economy - overview:
Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, grew an estimated 6.1% and 6.4% in 2010 and 2011, respectively. The government made economic advances under the first administration of President YUDHOYONO (2004-09), introducing significant reforms in the financial sector, including tax and customs reforms, the use of Treasury bills, and capital market development and supervision. During the global financial crisis, Indonesia outperformed its regional neighbors and joined China and India as the only G20 members posting growth in 2009. The government has promoted fiscally conservative policies, resulting in a debt-to-GDP ratio of less than 25%, a fiscal deficit below 3%, and historically low rates of inflation. Fitch and Moody's upgraded Indonesia's credit rating to investment grade in December 2011. Indonesia still struggles with poverty and unemployment, inadequate infrastructure, corruption, a complex regulatory environment, and unequal resource distribution among regions. The government in 2013 faces the ongoing challenge of improving Indonesia's insufficient infrastructure to remove impediments to economic growth, labor unrest over wages, and reducing its fuel subsidy program in the face of high oil prices.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$1.212 trillion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 16
$1.143 trillion (2011 est.)
$1.074 trillion (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also:
GDP country ranks ]
GDP (official exchange rate):
$894.9 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
6% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
6.5% (2011 est.)
6.2% (2010 est.)
[see also:
GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
GDP - per capita:
$5,000 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
$4,700 (2011 est.)
$4,500 (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also:
GDP - per capita country ranks ]
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 14.3%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
46.9%
services:
38.8% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
119.5 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 38.3%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
12.8%
services:
48.9% (2010 est.)
Unemployment rate:
6.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
6.6% (2011 est.)
[see also:
Unemployment rate country ranks ]
Population below poverty line:
12.5% (2011 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.3%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%:
29.9% (2009)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
36.8 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 78
39.4 (2005)
[see also:
Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
Investment (gross fixed):
33.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $139.2 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures:
$160.6 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
15.6% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.4% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
Public debt:
24.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
24.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also:
Public debt country ranks ]
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
5.4% (2011 est.)
[see also:
Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
Central bank discount rate:
6.37% (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 57
6.46% (31 December 2009)
note:
this figure represents the 3-month SBI rate; the Bank of Indonesia has not employed the one-month SBI since September 2010
[see also:
Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
11.9% (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
12.4% (31 December 2011 est.)
note:
these figures represent the average annualized rate on working capital loans
[see also:
Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
Stock of narrow money:
$90.24 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
$79.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
Stock of broad money:
$355.4 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
$317.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of broad money country ranks ]
Stock of domestic credit:
$323 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 34
$307.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$390.1 billion (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 24
$360.4 billion (31 December 2010)
$178.2 billion (31 December 2009)
[see also:
Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
Agriculture - products:
rice, cassava (manioc), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Industries:
petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism
Industrial production growth rate:
4.1% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Current account balance:
-$20.73 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
$2.069 billion (2011 est.)
[see also:
Current account balance country ranks ]
Exports:
$199.1 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
$201.5 billion (2011 est.)
[see also:
Exports country ranks ]
Exports - commodities:
oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber
Exports - partners:
Japan 16.6%, China 11.3%, Singapore 9.1%, US 8.1%, South Korea 8.1%, India 6.6%, Malaysia 5.4% (2011)
Imports:
$185 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
