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Page last updated on February 5, 2013
Nationality:
noun: Panamanian(s)
adjective:
Panamanian
Ethnic groups:
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian and mixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Languages:
Spanish (official), English 14%
note:
many Panamanians are bilingual
Religions:
Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%
Demographic profile:
Panama is a country of demographic and economic contrasts. It is in the midst of a demographic transition, characterized by steadily declining rates of fertility, mortality, and population growth, but disparities persist based on wealth, geography, and ethnicity. Panama has one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America and dedicates substantial funding to social programs, yet poverty and inequality remain prevalent. The indigenous population accounts for a growing share of Panama's poor and extreme poor, while the non-indigenous rural poor have been more successful at rising out of poverty through rural-to-urban labor migration. The government's large expenditures on untargeted, indirect subsidies for water, electricity, and fuel have been ineffective, but its conditional cash transfer program has shown some promise in helping to decrease extreme poverty among the indigenous population.
Panama has expanded access to education and clean water, but the availability of sanitation and, to a lesser extent, electricity remains poor. The increase in secondary schooling - led by female enrollment - is spreading to rural and indigenous areas, which probably will help to alleviate poverty if educational quality and the availability of skilled jobs improve. Inadequate access to sanitation contributes to a high incidence of diarrhea in Panama's children, which is one of the main causes of Panama's elevated chronic malnutrition rate, especially among indigenous communities.
Population:
3,510,045 (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Population country ranks ]
Age structure:
0-14 years: 28.1% (male 504,035/female 483,567)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years:
17.4% (male 312,022/female 299,903)
25-54 years:
39.9% (male 708,660/female 691,835)
55-64 years:
7.2% (male 123,913/female 127,081)
65 years and over:
7.4% (male 119,866/female 139,163) (2012 est.)
Median age:
total: 27.8 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male:
27.4 years
female:
28.2 years (2012 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.41% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]
Birth rate:
19.17 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]
Death rate:
4.69 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 197
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]
Net migration rate:
-0.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]
Urbanization:
urban population: 75% of total population (2010)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization:
2.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:
PANAMA CITY (capital) 1.346 million (2009)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.86 male(s)/female
total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:
92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]
Infant mortality rate:
total: 11.32 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 137
male:
12.09 deaths/1,000 live births
female:
10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 77.96 years
country comparison to the world: 57
male:
75.18 years
female:
80.86 years (2012 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.43 children born/woman (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]
Health expenditures:
8.3% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 48
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]
Physicians density:
1.5 physicians/1,000 population (2000)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]
Hospital bed density:
2.2 beds/1,000 population (2009)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]
Sanitation facility access:
improved:
urban: 75% of population
rural: 51% of population
total: 69% of population
unimproved:
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