ÿþ<html> <head> <title> Peru Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook </title> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Peru Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Peru, Economy, 2012, CIA, World, Factbook"> <script language="JavaScript"> function AddToFaves_hp(){ var is_4up = parseInt(navigator.appVersion); var is_mac = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("mac")!=-1; var is_ie = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("msie")!=-1; var thePage = location.href; if (thePage.lastIndexOf('#')!=-1) thePage = thePage.substring(0,thePage.lastIndexOf('#')); if (is_ie && is_4up && !is_mac) window.external.AddFavorite(thePage,document.title); else if (is_ie || document.images) booker_hp = window.open(thePage,'booker_','menubar,width=325,height=100,left=140,top=60'); //booker_hp.focus(); } //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; 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/* WFB Large Rectangle */ google_ad_slot = "8137512903"; google_ad_width = 336; google_ad_height = 280; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br> Page last updated on February 23, <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#economy_overview">Economy - overview:</a></b><br> Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. The Peruvian economy has been growing by an average of 6% per year since 2011 with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Growth in 2010 was above 8% and in 2011 above 6%, due partly to a leap in private investment, especially in the extractive sector, which accounts for more than 60% of Peru's total exports. Inflation in 2011 was within the upper range of the Central Bank's 1%-3% target. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, dependence on minerals and metals exports and imported foodstuffs subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices. Poor infrastructure hinders the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Peru's rapid expansion coupled with cash transfers and other programs have helped to reduce the national poverty rate by over 19 percentage points since 2002. A growing number of Peruvians are sharing in the benefits of growth but inequality persists posing a challenge for the new Ollanta HUMALA administration, which has championed indigenous and local disenfranchised groups. The administration seems committed to Peru's free-trade path. Since 2006, Peru has signed trade deals with the United States, Canada, Singapore, China, Korea, and Japan, concluded negotiations with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Chile, and begun trade talks with Central American countries and others. The US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) entered into force 1 February 2009, opening the way to greater trade and investment between the two economies. Trade agreements with South Korea, Japan, and Mexico also were signed in 2011. Although Peru has continued to attract foreign investment, political disputes and protests against foreign investors may impede development of some projects related to natural resource extraction. <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#GDP">GDP</a> (purchasing power parity):</b><br> $299.7 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 42 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$282 billion (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$259.3 billion (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_purchasing_power_parity_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_official_exchange_rate">GDP (official exchange rate):</a></b><br> $168.5 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_official_exchange_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_real_growth_rate">GDP - real growth rate:</a></b><br> 6.2% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 42 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">8.8% (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">0.9% (2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_real_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - real growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_per_capita">GDP - per capita:</a></b><br> $10,000 (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 109 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$9,500 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$8,900 (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_per_capita_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - per capita country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_composition_by_sector">GDP - composition by sector:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 10% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 35% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 55% (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force">Labor force:</a></b><br> 10.8 million (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 48 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force_by_occupation">Labor force - by occupation:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 0.7% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 23.8% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 75.5% (2005) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#unemployment_rate">Unemployment rate:</a></b><br> 6.8% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 72 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">6.6% (2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are for metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/unemployment_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Unemployment rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#population_below_poverty_line">Population below poverty line:</a></b><br> 34.8% (2009) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/population_below_poverty_line_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Population below poverty line country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</a></b><br> <i>lowest 10%:</i> 1.4% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_lowest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>highest 10%:</i> 35.9% (2009) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_highest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#distribution_of_family_income_gini_index">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</a></b><br> 48 (2009) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 27 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">46.2 (1996) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/distribution_of_family_income_gini_index_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#investment_gross_fixed">Investment (gross fixed):</a></b><br> 24.6% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 69 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/investment_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Investment (gross fixed) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget">Budget:</a></b><br> <i>revenues:</i> $49.49 billion <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>expenditures:</i> $49.2 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_expenditures_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget expenditures country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#taxes_and_other_revenues">Taxes and other revenues:</a></b><br> 29.4% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 93 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/taxes_and_other_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Taxes and other revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget_surplus_or_deficit">Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):</a></b><br> 0.2% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 41 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_surplus_or_deficit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#public_debt">Public debt:</a></b><br> 21.9% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 109 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">23.9% of GDP (2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data cover general Government Debt, and includes debt instruments issued by Government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/public_debt_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Public debt country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#inflation_rate_consumer_prices">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</a></b><br> 3% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 50 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1.5% (2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are for metropolitan Lima <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/inflation_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#central_bank_discount_rate">Central bank discount rate:</a></b><br> 3.8% (31 December 2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 107 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.05% (31 December 2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/central_bank_discount_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Central bank discount rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate">Commercial bank prime lending rate:</a></b><br> 18.8% (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 24 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">18.975% (31 December 2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> domestic currency lending rate <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_narrow_money">Stock of narrow money:</a></b><br> $25.06 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 62 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$21.69 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_narrow_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of narrow money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_broad_money">Stock of broad money:</a></b><br> $67.61 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 63 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$56.76 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_broad_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of broad money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_domestic_credit">Stock of domestic credit:</a></b><br> $32.95 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 69 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$44.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_domestic_credit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of domestic credit country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#market_value_of_publicly">Market value of publicly traded shares:</a></b><br> $160.9 billion (31 December 2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 38 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$107.3 billion (31 December 2009) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$57.2 billion (31 December 2008) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#agriculture_products">Agriculture - products:</a></b><br> asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mango, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish; guinea pigs <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industries">Industries:</a></b><br> mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction; fishing and fish processing, cement, textiles, clothing, food processing <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industrial_production_growth_rate">Industrial production growth rate:</a></b><br> 6.6% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 44 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/industrial_production_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Industrial production growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_production">Electricity - production:</a></b><br> 35.79 billion kWh (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 60 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_consumption">Electricity - consumption:</a></b><br> 31.74 billion kWh (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 58 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_exports">Electricity - exports:</a></b><br> 111.9 million kWh (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_imports">Electricity - imports:</a></b><br> 0 kWh (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_production">Oil - production:</a></b><br> 158,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 44 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_consumption">Oil - consumption:</a></b><br> 189,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 59 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_exports">Oil - exports:</a></b><br> 73,280 bbl/day (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 72 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_imports">Oil - imports:</a></b><br> 88,080 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 68 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_production">Natural gas - production:</a></b><br> 7.24 billion cu m (2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 46 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_consumption">Natural gas - consumption:</a></b><br> 3.65 billion cu m (2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 66 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_exports">Natural gas - exports:</a></b><br> 3.59 billion cu m <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 31 <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> in 2010 Peru became a net exporter of LNG (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_imports">Natural gas - imports:</a></b><br> 0 cu m (2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 112 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_proved_reserves">Natural gas - proved reserves:</a></b><br> 345.5 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 36 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_proved_reserves_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#current_account_balance">Current account balance:</a></b><br> -$2.129 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 154 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">-$2.315 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/current_account_balance_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Current account balance country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports">Exports:</a></b><br> $43.83 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 59 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$35.56 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_commodities">Exports - commodities:</a></b><br> copper, gold, zinc, tin, iron ore, molybdenum; crude petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas; coffee, potatoes, asparagus and other vegetables, fruit, apparel and textiles, fishmeal <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_partners">Exports - partners:</a></b><br> China 18.4%, US 16.1%, Canada 11.7%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 4.5%, Spain 4% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports">Imports:</a></b><br> $36.85 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 59 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$28.82 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_commodities">Imports - commodities:</a></b><br> petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, plastics, machinery, vehicles, color TV sets, power shovels, front-end loaders, telephones and telecommunication equipment, iron and steel, wheat, corn, soybean products, paper, cotton, vaccines and medicines <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_partners">Imports - partners:</a></b><br> US 24.7%, China 13%, Brazil 7.4%, Ecuador 4.7%, Chile 4.3%, Colombia 4.2% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</a></b><br> $53.28 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 34 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$44.21 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#debt_external">Debt - external:</a></b><br> $37.69 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 64 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$34.25 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> public debt component of total: $20.6 billion (31 December 2009) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/debt_external_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Debt - external country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_direct_foreign_investment_at_home">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</a></b><br> $51.05 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 55 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$44.24 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_direct_foreign_investment_abroad">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</a></b><br> $2.375 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 67 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$2.095 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exchange_rates">Exchange rates:</a></b><br> nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.75 (2011 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.8251 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.0115 (2009) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.91 (2008) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.1731 (2007) </font> <p> <p> <BR> <P> <font size = "-2"><B> NOTE: The information regarding Peru on this page is re-published from the 2012 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Peru Economy 2012 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Peru Economy 2012 should be addressed to the CIA. </B></font> </P> <br> <hr> <a href="#" onClick="AddToFaves_hp()"><img src="http://www.theodora.com/images/bookmark_banner.gif" align="left" width="176" height="52" border="0"></a><font color=brown> - Please bookmark this page (add it to your favorites). <br> - If you wish to <b>link</b> to this page, you can do so by referring to the URL address below this line.</font> <hr> http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/peru/peru_economy.html <br><br> This page was last modified 06-Mar-12 <br> Copyright &copy 1995-2012 <a href="http://www.theodora.com/ita.html">ITA</a> all rights reserved. <br> </td> <td width=200 valign="top" align="left" background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif"> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <br> <form action="http://www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-7437757543052749:i8v5yg-obf2" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="26" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script> <!-- End SiteSearch Google --> <font size="2" face="arial"> <b> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb">|Main INDEX|</a> <li><a href="../index.html">2012 INDEX</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/index.html">Country Ranks</a> <li><a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html">DEFINITIONS</a> <br><br> <a href="index.html">Peru Index 2012</a> <br><br> <a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/peru/index.html">Peru Main Index</a> <li><a href="peru_introduction.html">Introduction</a> <li><a href="http://workmall.com/wfb2001/peru/peru_history_index.html">History</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/geography/index.html">Geography</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/climate/peru_climate_climate.html">Climate</a> <li>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theodora.com/maps">Maps</a><br> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/society/index.html">People</a><br> </b> &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.photius.com/religion">Religion</a> <b><li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/peru/government/index.html">Government</a><br></B> &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="peru_chiefs.html"> Gov. 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