ÿþ<html> <head> <title> Poland Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook </title> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Poland Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Poland, Economy, 2012, CIA, World, Factbook"> <script language="JavaScript"> function AddToFaves_hp(){ var is_4up = parseInt(navigator.appVersion); var is_mac = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("mac")!=-1; var is_ie = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("msie")!=-1; var thePage = location.href; if (thePage.lastIndexOf('#')!=-1) thePage = thePage.substring(0,thePage.lastIndexOf('#')); if (is_ie && is_4up && !is_mac) window.external.AddFavorite(thePage,document.title); else if (is_ie || document.images) booker_hp = window.open(thePage,'booker_','menubar,width=325,height=100,left=140,top=60'); //booker_hp.focus(); } //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; 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/* WFB Leaderboard */ google_ad_slot = "7548094546"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr> <tr height="3" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="white" nowrap units="pixels"><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" height="3" width="972" nowrap bgcolor="white" nowrap> <img src="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/line1.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="middle" background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif" width="972"> <font size="-2"> <br></font> <font face="arial" size="5"><b>Poland</b> Economy 2012</font> <br> <font size = "-2"> http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/poland/poland_economy.html </font> <br> <font size="-2"><B>SOURCE: 2012 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES</B></FONT></td></tr> <tr height="3" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="white" nowrap units="pixels"> <td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" height="3" width="972" nowrap bgcolor="white" nowrap> <img src="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/line13.gif"></td></tr></table> <table border="0" bgcolor="#FFCC99" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="972" align="left" valign="top" hspace="0" vspace="0" units="pixels"> <tr><td background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif" width="200" valign="top"> <font face="arial"> <br><br> <center> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-7437757543052749"; 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/* WFB Large Rectangle */ google_ad_slot = "8137512903"; google_ad_width = 336; google_ad_height = 280; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br> Page last updated on February 23, <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#economy_overview">Economy - overview:</a></b><br> Poland has pursued a policy of economic liberalization since 1990 and today stands out as a success story among transition economies. It is the only country in the European Union to avoid a recession through the 2008-2009 economic downturn, although GDP per capita is still much below the EU average. Since 2004, EU membership and access to EU structural funds have provided a major boost to the economy. Unemployment fell rapidly to 6.4% in October 2008, but climbed back to more than 12% during 2010-11, exceeding the EU average by more than 2%. Inflation reached a low of about 2.6% in 2010 due to the global economic slowdown but has since climbed and is expected to remain around 4%, and above the upper limit of the National Bank of Poland's target rate. Poland's economic performance could improve over the longer term if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure and its business environment. An inefficient commercial court system, a rigid labor code, bureaucratic red tape, burdensome tax system, and persistent low-level corruption keep the private sector from performing up to its full potential. Rising demands to fund health care, education, and the state pension system and weak revenues caused the public sector budget deficit to rise to 7.8% of GDP in 2010, but measures to shore up public finances, including increasing contributions to the public pension scheme at the expense of private pension funds, by the PO/PSL coalition government, which came to power in November 2007, reduced the deficit to 2.6% of GDP in 2011. The coalition government has moved slowly on enacting business-friendly reforms, increasing workforce participation, reducing public sector spending growth, lowering taxes, and privatizing industry. <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#GDP">GDP</a> (purchasing power parity):</b><br> $765.6 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 21 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$737.5 billion (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$710.5 billion (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_purchasing_power_parity_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_official_exchange_rate">GDP (official exchange rate):</a></b><br> $531.8 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_official_exchange_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_real_growth_rate">GDP - real growth rate:</a></b><br> 3.8% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 106 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.8% (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1.6% (2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_real_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - real growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_per_capita">GDP - per capita:</a></b><br> $20,100 (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 63 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$19,400 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$18,600 (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_per_capita_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - per capita country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_composition_by_sector">GDP - composition by sector:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 3.4% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 33.6% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 63% (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force">Labor force:</a></b><br> 17.93 million (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 34 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force_by_occupation">Labor force - by occupation:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 17.4% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 29.2% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 53.4% (2005) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#unemployment_rate">Unemployment rate:</a></b><br> 12% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 126 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">12.1% (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/unemployment_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Unemployment rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#population_below_poverty_line">Population below poverty line:</a></b><br> 17% (2003 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/population_below_poverty_line_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Population below poverty line country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</a></b><br> <i>lowest 10%:</i> 3.2% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_lowest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>highest 10%:</i> 27.2% (2008) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_highest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#distribution_of_family_income_gini_index">Distribution of family income - Gini index:</a></b><br> 34.2 (2008) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 93 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">31.6 (1998) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/distribution_of_family_income_gini_index_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#investment_gross_fixed">Investment (gross fixed):</a></b><br> 21.1% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 104 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/investment_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Investment (gross fixed) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget">Budget:</a></b><br> <i>revenues:</i> $96.44 billion <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>expenditures:</i> $110.3 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_expenditures_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget expenditures country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#taxes_and_other_revenues">Taxes and other revenues:</a></b><br> 18.1% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 170 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/taxes_and_other_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Taxes and other revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget_surplus_or_deficit">Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):</a></b><br> -2.6% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 95 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_surplus_or_deficit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#public_debt">Public debt:</a></b><br> 56.7% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 44 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">54.9% of GDP (2010 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data cover general Government Gross Debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by Government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, and social security funds. <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/public_debt_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Public debt country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#inflation_rate_consumer_prices">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</a></b><br> 4% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 96 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.6% (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/inflation_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#central_bank_discount_rate">Central bank discount rate:</a></b><br> 4% (31 December 2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 95 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.5% (31 December 2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/central_bank_discount_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Central bank discount rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate">Commercial bank prime lending rate:</a></b><br> 8.2% (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 120 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">8.367% (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_narrow_money">Stock of narrow money:</a></b><br> $167.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 22 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$151.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_narrow_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of narrow money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_broad_money">Stock of broad money:</a></b><br> $289.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 35 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$261.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_broad_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of broad money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_domestic_credit">Stock of domestic credit:</a></b><br> $340.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 33 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$303.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_domestic_credit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of domestic credit country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#market_value_of_publicly">Market value of publicly traded shares:</a></b><br> $190.2 billion (31 December 2010) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 34 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$135.3 billion (31 December 2009) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$90.23 billion (31 December 2008) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#agriculture_products">Agriculture - products:</a></b><br> potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industries">Industries:</a></b><br> machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industrial_production_growth_rate">Industrial production growth rate:</a></b><br> 7% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 37 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/industrial_production_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Industrial production growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_production">Electricity - production:</a></b><br> 141.8 billion kWh (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 23 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_consumption">Electricity - consumption:</a></b><br> 132.2 billion kWh (2008 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 23 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_exports">Electricity - exports:</a></b><br> 9.594 billion kWh (2009) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_imports">Electricity - imports:</a></b><br> 2.191 billion kWh (2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_production">Oil - production:</a></b><br> 28,230 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 72 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_consumption">Oil - consumption:</a></b><br> 564,500 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 30 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_exports">Oil - exports:</a></b><br> 50,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 79 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_imports">Oil - imports:</a></b><br> 531,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 23 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_production">Natural gas - production:</a></b><br> 6.084 billion cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 49 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_consumption">Natural gas - consumption:</a></b><br> 17.2 billion cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 38 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_exports">Natural gas - exports:</a></b><br> 47 million cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 47 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_imports">Natural gas - imports:</a></b><br> 10.89 billion cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 24 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_proved_reserves">Natural gas - proved reserves:</a></b><br> 164.8 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 49 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_proved_reserves_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#current_account_balance">Current account balance:</a></b><br> -$29.96 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 187 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">-$20.98 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/current_account_balance_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Current account balance country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports">Exports:</a></b><br> $197.1 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 29 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$162.3 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_commodities">Exports - commodities:</a></b><br> machinery and transport equipment 37.8%, intermediate manufactured goods 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured goods 17.1%, food and live animals 7.6% <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_partners">Exports - partners:</a></b><br> Germany 26.9%, France 7.1%, UK 6.4%, Italy 6.3%, Czech Republic 6.2%, Netherlands 4.3%, Russia 4.1% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports">Imports:</a></b><br> $217.9 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 23 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$173.7 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_commodities">Imports - commodities:</a></b><br> machinery and transport equipment 38%, intermediate manufactured goods 21%, chemicals 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, and related materials 9% <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_partners">Imports - partners:</a></b><br> Germany 29.1%, Russia 8.8%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 5.8%, China 5.6%, France 4.5%, Czech Republic 4.2% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</a></b><br> $116.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 21 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$93.49 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#debt_external">Debt - external:</a></b><br> $306.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 29 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$272.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/debt_external_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Debt - external country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_direct_foreign_investment_at_home">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:</a></b><br> $205.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 23 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$193.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_at_home_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_direct_foreign_investment_abroad">Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:</a></b><br> $43.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 34 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$36.84 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_direct_foreign_investment_abroad_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exchange_rates">Exchange rates:</a></b><br> zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.834 (2011 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.0171 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">3.1214 (2009) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.3 (2008) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.81 (2007) </font> <p> <p> <BR> <P> <font size = "-2"><B> NOTE: The information regarding Poland on this page is re-published from the 2012 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. 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