Page last updated on February 5, 2013
Economy - overview:
Sudan is an extremely poor country that has had to deal with social conflict, civil war, and the July 2011 secession of South Sudan - the region of the country that had been responsible for about three-fourths of the former Sudan's total oil production. The oil sector had driven much of Sudan's GDP growth since it began exporting oil in 1999. For nearly a decade, the economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and significant inflows of foreign direct investment. Following South Sudan's secession, Sudan has struggled to maintain economic stability, because oil earnings now provide a far lower share of the country's need for hard currency and for budget revenues. Sudan is attempting to generate new sources of revenues, such as from gold mining, while carrying out an austerity program to reduce expenditures. Agricultural production continues to employ 80% of the work force. Sudan introduced a new currency, still called the Sudanese pound, following South Sudan's secession, but the value of the currency has fallen since its introduction. Khartoum formally devalued the currency in June when it passed austerity measures that included gradually repealing fuel subsidies. Sudan also faces rising inflation, which reached 47% on an annual basis in November. Ongoing conflicts in Southern Kordofan, Darfur, and the Blue Nile states, lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and reliance by much of the population on subsistence agriculture ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years to come.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$80.43 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
$90.61 billion (2011 est.)
$94.87 billion (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also:
GDP country ranks ]
GDP (official exchange rate):
$51.58 billion (2012 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
GDP - real growth rate:
-11.2% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 216
-4.5% (2011 est.)
2.2% (2010 est.)
[see also:
GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
GDP - per capita:
$2,400 (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
$2,800 (2011 est.)
$2,400 (2010 est.)
note:
data are in 2012 US dollars
[see also:
GDP - per capita country ranks ]
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 32%
[see also: GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
25%
services:
43% (2012 est.)
Labor force:
11.92 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 80%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry:
7%
services:
13% (1998 est.)
Unemployment rate:
20% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
18.7% (2002 est.)
[see also:
Unemployment rate country ranks ]
Population below poverty line:
46.5% (2009 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.7%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%:
26.7%
Investment (gross fixed):
26% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
[see also: Investment (gross fixed) country ranks ]
Budget:
revenues: $4.521 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures:
$10.07 billion (2012 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
8.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-10.8% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
Public debt:
89.3% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
89.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
[see also:
Public debt country ranks ]
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
31.5% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 221
18% (2011 est.)
[see also:
Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
Stock of narrow money:
$7.847 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
$9.272 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
Stock of broad money:
$12.83 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
$15.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of broad money country ranks ]
Stock of domestic credit:
$10.97 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 95
$13.99 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
Agriculture - products:
cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangoes, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep and other livestock
Industries:
oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly
Industrial production growth rate:
3.5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
Current account balance:
-$3.575 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
$208.1 million (2011 est.)
[see also:
Current account balance country ranks ]
Exports:
$4.548 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
$9.694 billion (2011 est.)
[see also:
Exports country ranks ]
Exports - commodities:
gold; oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar
Exports - partners:
Macau 65.2%, UAE 15.5% (2011)
Imports:
$6.645 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$8.205 billion (2011 est.)
[see also:
Imports country ranks ]
Imports - commodities:
foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat
Imports - partners:
Macau 21.5%, UAE 10.1%, Saudi Arabia 6.9%, India 6.7%, Egypt 5.8%, Germany 4.8% (2011)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$297.9 million (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
$295 million (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
Debt - external:
$39.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
$38.62 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
[see also:
Debt - external country ranks ]
Exchange rates:
Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar -
4.4 (2012 est.)
2.68 (2011 est.)
2.31 (2010 est.)
2.3 (2009)
2.1 (2008)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
NOTE: The information regarding Sudan on this page is re-published from the 2013 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Sudan Economy 2013 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Sudan Economy 2013 should be addressed to the CIA.
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