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. 1996 Index
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Russia Communications 1996
24,400,000 telephones; 20,900,000 telephones in urban areas and 3,500,000
telephones in rural areas; of these, total installed in homes 15,400,000;
total pay phones for long distant calls 34,100; about 164 telephones/1,000
persons; Russia is enlisting foreign help, by means of joint ventures, to
speed up the modernization of its telecommunications system; in 1992, only
661,000 new telephones were installed compared with 855,000 in 1991, and in
1992 the number of unsatisfied applications for telephones reached
11,000,000; expanded access to international E-mail service available via
Sprint network; the inadequacy of Russian telecommunications is a severe
handicap to the economy, especially with respect to international
connections
NMT-450 analog cellular telephone networks are operational and growing in
Moscow and St. Petersburg
intercity fiberoptic cable installation remains limited
international traffic is handled by an inadequate system of satellites, land
lines, microwave radio relay and outdated submarine cables; this traffic
passes through the international gateway switch in Moscow which carries most
of the international traffic for the other countries of the Commonwealth of
Independent States; a new Russian Raduga satellite will link Moscow and St.
Petersburg with Rome from whence calls will be relayed to destinations in
Europe and overseas; satellite earth stations - INTELSAT, Intersputnik,
Eutelsat (Moscow), INMARSAT, Orbita
AM 1,050, FM 1,050, shortwave 1,050
48.8 million (radio receivers with multiple speaker systems for program
diffusion 74,300,000)
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