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Russia Government 1996
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
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Administrative divisions:
21 autonomous republics (avtomnykh respublik, singular - avtomnaya
respublika); Adygea (Maykop), Bashkortostan (Ufa), Buryatia (Ulan-Ude),
Chechnya (Groznyy), Chuvashia (Cheboksary), Dagestan (Makhachkala),
Gorno-Altay (Gorno-Altaysk), Ingushetia (Nazran'), Kabardino-Balkaria
(Nal'chik), Kalmykia (Elista), Karachay-Cherkessia (Cherkessk), Karelia
(Petrozavodsk), Khakassia (Abakan), Komi (Syktyvkar), Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola),
Mordovia (Saransk), North Ossetia (Vladikavkaz), Tatarstan (Kazan'), Tuva
(Kyzyl), Udmurtia (Izhevsk), Yakutia - also known as Sakha (Yakutsk); 49
oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast'); Amur (Blagoveshchensk),
Arkhangel'sk, Astrakhan', Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk,
Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka (Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy),
Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad (St. Petersburg),
Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhniy Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk,
Omsk, Orel, Orenburg, Penza, Perm', Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan', Sakhalin
(Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg),
Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver', Tyumen', Ul'yanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd,
Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl'; 6 krays (krayev, singular - kray); Altay
(Barnaul), Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorskiy (Vladivostok),
Stavropol'; 10 autonomous okrugs; Aga (Aginskoye), Chukotka (Anadyr'),
Evenkia (Tura), Khantia-Mansia (Khanty-Mansiysk), Koryakia (Palana),
Nenetsia (Nar'yan-Mar), Permyakia (Kudymkar), Taymyria (Dudinka), Ust'-Onda
(Ust'-Ordynskiy), Yamalia (Salekhard); 1 autonomous oblast (avtomnykh
oblast'); Birobijan
the autonomous republics of Chechnya and Ingushetia were formerly the
autonomous republic of Checheno-Ingushetia (the boundary between Chechenia
and Ingushetia has yet to be determined); the cities of Moscow and St.
Petersburg are federal cities; an administrative division has the same name
as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name
following in parentheses)
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Independence Day, June 12 (1990)
based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
18 years of age; universal
President Boris Nikolayevich YEL'TSIN (since 12 June 1991); election last
held 12 June 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - percent of vote by
party NA; note - no vice president; if the president dies in office, cannot
exercise his powers because of ill health, is impeached, or resigns, the
premier succeeds him; the premier serves as acting president until a new
presidential election is held, which must be within three months
Premier and Chairman of the Council of Ministers Viktor Stepanovich
CHERNOMYRDIN (since 14 December 1992); First Deputy Chairmen of the Council
of Ministers Oleg SOSKOVETS (since 30 April 1993) and Anatoliy CHUBAYS
(since 5 November 1994)
originally established as a presidential advisory body in June 1991, but
restructured in March 1992 with responsibility for managing individual and
state security
Presidential Administration:
drafts presidential edicts and provides staff and policy support to the
entire executive branch
Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
schedules president's appointments, processes presidential edicts and other
official documents, and houses the president's press service and primary
speechwriters
Council of Heads of Republics:
includes the leaders of the 21 ethnic-based Republics
Council of Heads of Administrations:
includes the leaders of the 66 autonomous territories and regions, and the
mayors of Moscow and St. Petersburg
prepares policy papers for the president
bicameral Federal Assembly
elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA); results - two
members elected from each of Russia's 89 territorial units for a total of
176 deputies; 2 seats unfilled as of 15 May 1994 (Chechnya did not
participate in the election); Speaker Vladimir SHUMEYKO (Russia's Democratic
Choice)
elections last held 12 December 1993 (next to be held NA December 1995);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) Russia's
Democratic Choice 78, New Regional Policy 66, Liberal Democrats 63, Agrarian
Party 55, Communist Party of the Russian Federation 45, Unity and Accord 30,
Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko) 27, Women of Russia 23, Democratic
Party of Russia 15, Russia's Path 12, other parties 23, affiliation unknown
12, unfilled (as of 13 March 1994; Chechnya did not participate in the
election) 1; Speaker Ivan RYBKIN (Agrarian Party); note - as of 11 April
1995, seats were as follows: Russia's Democratic Choice 54, New Regional
Policy 32, Liberal Democrats 54, Agrarian Party 51, Communist Party of the
Russian Federation 45, Unity and Accord 25, Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc
(Yabloko) 28, Liberal Democratic Union of 12 December 9, Women of Russia 22,
Democratic Party of Russia 10, Russia's Path 12, Duma 96 23, Russia 35,
Stability 36, affiliation unknown 14
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court (highest court for criminal, civil, and
administrative cases), Superior Court of Arbitration (highest court that
resolves economic disputes)
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Political parties and leaders:
Party of Russian Unity and Accord, Sergey SHAKHRAY; Russia's Democratic
Choice Party, Yegor GAYDAR; Russian Movement for Democratic Reforms,
Anatoliy SOBCHAK; Yavlinskiy-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Yabloko), Grigoriy
YAVLINSKIY; Liberal Democratic Union of 12 December, Boris FEDOROV
centrists/special interest parties:
Civic Union for Stability, Justice, and Progress, Arkadiy VOL'SKIY;
Democratic Party of Russia, Sergey GLAZ'YEV; Women of Russia, Alevtina
FEDULOVA; Social Democratic Peoples' Party, Vasiliy LIPITSKIY; New Regional
Policy (NRP), Vladimir MEDVEDEV
anti-market and/or ultranationalist parties:
Agrarian Party, Mikhail LAPSHIN; Communist Party of the Russian Federation,
Gennadiy ZYUGANOV; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir
ZHIRINOVSKIY; Derzhava, Aleksandr RUTSKOY
more than 20 political parties and associations tried to gather enough
signatures to run slates of candidates in the 12 December 1993 legislative
elections, but only 13 succeeded
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Other political or pressure groups:
BSEC, CBSS, CCC, CE (guest), CERN (observer), CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NACC, NSG, OAS (observer),
OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UN Security Council, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMOZ, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
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Diplomatic representation in US:
2650 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
[1] (202) 298-5700 through 5704
New York, San Francisco, and Seattle
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US diplomatic representation:
Ambassador Thomas R. PICKERING
Novinskiy Bul'var 19/23, Moscow
[7] (095) 252-24-51 through 59
St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red
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