upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; heightened inflation and currency depreciation triggered by expansionary monetary and fiscal policy ahead of 2023 elections, now being reversed; industrializing economy that maintains large agricultural base
$2.817 trillion (2022 est.)
$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)
$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
11.35% (2021 est.)
1.94% (2020 est.)
0.78% (2019 est.)
$33,100 (2022 est.)
$31,500 (2021 est.)
$28,500 (2020 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
$760.028 billion (2019 est.)
19.6% (2021 est.)
12.28% (2020 est.)
15.18% (2019 est.)
Fitch rating: BB- (2019)
Moody's rating: B2 (2020)
Standard & Poors rating: B+ (2018)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 6.8% (2017 est.)
industry: 32.3% (2017 est.)
services: 60.7% (2017 est.)
household consumption: 59.1% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 14.5% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 29.8% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 24.9% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -29.4% (2017 est.)
eggs, milk, wheat, sugar beets, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, apples, grapes
textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
12.46% (2021 est.)
32.554 million (2021 est.)
note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees
13.39% (2021 est.)
13.11% (2020 est.)
13.67% (2019 est.)
total: 24.3% (2021 est.)
male: 21.4%
female: 29.9%
14.4% (2018 est.)
41.9 (2019 est.)
on food: 21.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 30.3% (2008)
0.09% of GDP (2021 est.)
0.11% of GDP (2020 est.)
0.11% of GDP (2019 est.)
revenues: $210.536 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures: $249.268 billion (2020 est.)
-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
41.97% of GDP (2020 est.)
34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)
17.64% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
calendar year
-$13.693 billion (2021 est.)
-$35.537 billion (2020 est.)
$5.303 billion (2019 est.)
$343.688 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$282.851 billion (2021 est.)
$203.816 billion (2020 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Germany 8%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 5%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5% (2022)
refined petroleum, cars, jewelry, motor vehicle parts/accessories, delivery trucks (2022)
$383.5 billion (2022 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$285.578 billion (2021 est.)
$230.141 billion (2020 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
China 13%, Germany 9%, Russia 8%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2022)
gold, refined petroleum, scrap iron, cars, natural gas (2022)
$109.535 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$93.512 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$105.62 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
$438.677 billion (2019 est.)
$454.251 billion (2018 est.)
Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
8.85 (2021 est.)
7.009 (2020 est.)
5.674 (2019 est.)
4.828 (2018 est.)
3.648 (2017 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Turkey on this page is re-published from the 2024 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkey 2024 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkey 2024 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 04 May 24, Copyright © 2024 ITA all rights reserved.
