upper middle-income, diversified Middle Eastern economy; economic instability from 2016 attempted coup and 2018 currency recession; hit hard by COVID-19, increasing poverty and unemployment; endemic corruption; large agriculture labor force
$2.668 trillion (2021 est.)
$2.396 trillion (2020 est.)
$2.35 trillion (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
comparison ranking
11.35% (2021 est.)
1.94% (2020 est.)
0.78% (2019 est.)
comparison ranking
$31,500 (2021 est.)
$28,500 (2020 est.)
$28,200 (2019 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
comparison ranking
$760.028 billion (2019 est.)
19.6% (2021 est.)
12.28% (2020 est.)
15.18% (2019 est.)
comparison ranking
Fitch rating: BB- (2019)
Moody's rating: B2 (2020)
Standard & Poors rating: B+ (2018)
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained.
agriculture: 6.8% (2017 est.)
industry: 32.3% (2017 est.)
services: 60.7% (2017 est.)
household consumption: 59.1% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 14.5% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 29.8% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 1.1% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 24.9% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -29.4% (2017 est.)
milk, wheat, sugar beet, tomatoes, barley, maize, potatoes, grapes, watermelons, apples
textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
12.46% (2021 est.)
comparison ranking
32.554 million (2021 est.)
note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees
comparison ranking
agriculture: 18.4%
industry: 26.6%
services: 54.9% (2016)
13.39% (2021 est.)
13.11% (2020 est.)
13.67% (2019 est.)
comparison ranking
total: 24.3%
male: 21.4%
female: 29.9% (2021 est.)
comparison ranking
14.4% (2018 est.)
41.9 (2019 est.)
comparison ranking
on food: 21.8% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 3.4% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 30.3% (2008)
revenues: $210.536 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures: $249.268 billion (2020 est.)
-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
comparison ranking
41.97% of GDP (2020 est.)
34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)
comparison ranking
17.64% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
comparison ranking
calendar year
-$13.693 billion (2021 est.)
-$35.537 billion (2020 est.)
$5.303 billion (2019 est.)
comparison ranking
$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
comparison ranking
Germany 9%, United Kingdom 6%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5%, United States 5% (2019)
cars and vehicle parts, refined petroleum, delivery trucks, jewelry, clothing and apparel (2019)
$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
comparison ranking
Germany 11%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2019)
gold, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, vehicle parts, scrap iron (2019)
$109.535 billion (31 December 2021 est.)
$93.512 billion (31 December 2020 est.)
$105.62 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
comparison ranking
$438.677 billion (2019 est.)
$454.251 billion (2018 est.)
comparison ranking
Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar -
8.85 (2021 est.)
7.009 (2020 est.)
5.674 (2019 est.)
4.828 (2018 est.)
3.648 (2017 est.)
NOTE: The information regarding Turkey (Turkiye) on this page is re-published from the 2023 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Turkey (Turkiye) 2023 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Turkey (Turkiye) 2023 should be addressed to the CIA or the source cited on each page.
This page was last modified 22 Aug 23, Copyright © 2023 ITA all rights reserved.