ÿþ<html> <head> <title> Iraq Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook </title> <META NAME="Description" CONTENT="Iraq Economy 2012, CIA World Factbook"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="Iraq, Economy, 2012, CIA, World, Factbook"> <script language="JavaScript"> function AddToFaves_hp(){ var is_4up = parseInt(navigator.appVersion); var is_mac = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("mac")!=-1; var is_ie = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("msie")!=-1; var thePage = location.href; if (thePage.lastIndexOf('#')!=-1) thePage = thePage.substring(0,thePage.lastIndexOf('#')); if (is_ie && is_4up && !is_mac) window.external.AddFavorite(thePage,document.title); else if (is_ie || document.images) booker_hp = window.open(thePage,'booker_','menubar,width=325,height=100,left=140,top=60'); //booker_hp.focus(); } //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; 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/* WFB Leaderboard */ google_ad_slot = "7548094546"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </td></tr> <tr height="3" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="white" nowrap units="pixels"><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" height="3" width="972" nowrap bgcolor="white" nowrap> <img src="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/line1.gif"></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" align="middle" background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif" width="972"> <font size="-2"> <br></font> <font face="arial" size="5"><b>Iraq</b> Economy 2012</font> <br> <font size = "-2"> http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/iraq/iraq_economy.html </font> <br> <font size="-2"><B>SOURCE: 2012 CIA WORLD FACTBOOK AND OTHER SOURCES</B></FONT></td></tr> <tr height="3" align="left" valign="top" bgcolor="white" nowrap units="pixels"> <td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" height="3" width="972" nowrap bgcolor="white" nowrap> <img src="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/line13.gif"></td></tr></table> <table border="0" bgcolor="#FFCC99" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="972" align="left" valign="top" hspace="0" vspace="0" units="pixels"> <tr><td background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif" width="200" valign="top"> <font face="arial"> <br><br> <center> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-7437757543052749"; 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/* WFB Large Rectangle */ google_ad_slot = "8137512903"; google_ad_width = 336; google_ad_height = 280; //--> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br> Page last updated on February 21, <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#economy_overview">Economy - overview:</a></b><br> An improving security environment and foreign investment are helping to spur economic activity, particularly in the energy, construction, and retail sectors. Broader economic development, long-term fiscal health, and sustained improvements in the overall standard of living still depend on the central government passing major policy reforms. Iraq's largely state-run economy is dominated by the oil sector, which provides more than 90% of government revenue and 80% of foreign exchange earnings. Since mid-2009, oil export earnings have returned to levels seen before Operation Iraqi Freedom. As global oil prices remained high for much of 2011, government revenues increased accordingly. For 2012, Iraq's draft budget forecasts oil exports of 2.6 million barrels per day (bbl/day), a significant increase from Iraq's average of 2.2 million bbl/day in 2011. Iraq's contracts with major oil companies have the potential to further expand oil revenues, but Iraq will need to make significant upgrades to its oil processing, pipeline, and export infrastructure to enable these deals to reach their economic potential. Iraq is making slow progress enacting laws and developing the institutions needed to implement economic policy, and political reforms are still needed to assuage investors' concerns regarding the uncertain business climate. The government of Iraq is eager to attract additional foreign direct investment, but it faces a number of obstacles including a tenuous political system and concerns about security and societal stability. Rampant corruption, outdated infrastructure, insufficient essential services, and antiquated commercial laws stifle investment and continue to constrain growth of private, nonoil sectors. In 2010, Bagdad signed agreements with both the IMF and World Bank for conditional aid programs designed to help strengthen Iraq's economic institutions. Iraq is considering a package of laws to establish a modern legal framework for the oil sector and a mechanism to equitably divide oil revenues within the nation, although these reforms are still under contentious and sporadic negotiation. Political and economic tensions between Baghdad and local governments have led some provincial councils to use their budgets to independently promote and facilitate investment at the local level. The Central Bank has successfully held the exchange rate at about 1,170 Iraqi dinar/US dollar since January 2009. Inflation has remained under control since 2006 as security improved. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard pressed to translate macroeconomic gains into an improved standard of living for the Iraqi populace. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country. Encouraging private enterprise through deregulation would make it easier for both Iraqi citizens and foreign investors to start new businesses. Rooting out corruption and implementing reforms - such as bank restructuring and developing the private sector - would be important steps in this direction. <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#GDP">GDP</a> (purchasing power parity):</b><br> $127.2 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 62 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$116 billion (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$115.1 billion (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_purchasing_power_parity_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_official_exchange_rate">GDP (official exchange rate):</a></b><br> $108.6 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_official_exchange_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_real_growth_rate">GDP - real growth rate:</a></b><br> 9.6% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 5 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">0.8% (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">4.2% (2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_real_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - real growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_per_capita">GDP - per capita:</a></b><br> $3,900 (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 158 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$3,600 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$3,700 (2009 est.) <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> data are in 2011 US dollars <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_per_capita_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - per capita country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#gdp_composition_by_sector">GDP - composition by sector:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 9.7% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 60.5% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 29.8% (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>GDP - composition by sector - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force">Labor force:</a></b><br> 8.9 million (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 53 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#labor_force_by_occupation">Labor force - by occupation:</a></b><br> <i>agriculture:</i> 21.6% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_agriculture_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>industry:</i> 18.7% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_industry_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>services:</i> 59.8% (2008 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/labor_force_by_occupation_services_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#unemployment_rate">Unemployment rate:</a></b><br> 15% (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 146 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">15.3% (2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/unemployment_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Unemployment rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#population_below_poverty_line">Population below poverty line:</a></b><br> 25% (2008 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/population_below_poverty_line_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Population below poverty line country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share">Household income or consumption by percentage share:</a></b><br> <i>lowest 10%:</i> 3.6% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_lowest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>highest 10%:</i> 25.7% <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/household_income_or_consumption_by_percentage_share_highest_10pct_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget">Budget:</a></b><br> <i>revenues:</i> $69.2 billion <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <br><i>expenditures:</i> $82.6 billion (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_expenditures_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget expenditures country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#taxes_and_other_revenues">Taxes and other revenues:</a></b><br> 88.6% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 1 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/taxes_and_other_revenues_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Taxes and other revenues country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#budget_surplus_or_deficit">Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):</a></b><br> 18.8% of GDP (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 3 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/budget_surplus_or_deficit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#inflation_rate_consumer_prices">Inflation rate (consumer prices):</a></b><br> 6% (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 137 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">2.4% (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/inflation_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#central_bank_discount_rate">Central bank discount rate:</a></b><br> 6% (December 2011) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 56 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">6.5% (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/central_bank_discount_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Central bank discount rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate">Commercial bank prime lending rate:</a></b><br> 7.2% (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 143 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">6% (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/commercial_bank_prime_lending_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_narrow_money">Stock of narrow money:</a></b><br> $50.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 47 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$44.22 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_narrow_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of narrow money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_broad_money">Stock of broad money:</a></b><br> $58.69 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 65 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$51.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_broad_money_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of broad money country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#stock_of_domestic_credit">Stock of domestic credit:</a></b><br> $11.11 million (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 191 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$10.16 billion (31 December 2007 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/stock_of_domestic_credit_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Stock of domestic credit country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#market_value_of_publicly">Market value of publicly traded shares:</a></b><br> $4 billion (9 December 2011) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 91 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$2.6 billion (31 July 2010) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$2 billion (31 July 2009 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/market_value_of_publicly_traded_shares_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#agriculture_products">Agriculture - products:</a></b><br> wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industries">Industries:</a></b><br> petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#industrial_production_growth_rate">Industrial production growth rate:</a></b><br> 4.8% (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 73 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/industrial_production_growth_rate_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Industrial production growth rate country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_production">Electricity - production:</a></b><br> 48.96 billion kWh (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 50 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_consumption">Electricity - consumption:</a></b><br> 55.66 billion kWh (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 43 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_exports">Electricity - exports:</a></b><br> 0 kWh (2011 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#electricity_imports">Electricity - imports:</a></b><br> 6.7 billion kWh (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/electricity_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Electricity - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_production">Oil - production:</a></b><br> 2.642 million bbl/day (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 10 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_consumption">Oil - consumption:</a></b><br> 694,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 26 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_exports">Oil - exports:</a></b><br> 2.17 million bbl/day (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 7 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#oil_imports">Oil - imports:</a></b><br> 231,200 bbl/day (2009 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 44 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/oil_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Oil - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_production">Natural gas - production:</a></b><br> 1.3 billion cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 62 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_production_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - production country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_consumption">Natural gas - consumption:</a></b><br> 1.3 billion cu m <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 87 <br><i> <em>note:</em></i> 1.48 billion cu m were flared (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_consumption_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - consumption country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_exports">Natural gas - exports:</a></b><br> 0 cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 119 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_imports">Natural gas - imports:</a></b><br> 0 cu m (2010 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 208 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#natural_gas_proved_reserves">Natural gas - proved reserves:</a></b><br> 3.17 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 11 <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/natural_gas_proved_reserves_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Natural gas - proved reserves country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#current_account_balance">Current account balance:</a></b><br> $17.37 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 21 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$2.096 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/current_account_balance_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Current account balance country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports">Exports:</a></b><br> $78.38 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 49 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$51.76 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/exports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Exports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_commodities">Exports - commodities:</a></b><br> crude oil 84%, crude materials excluding fuels, food and live animals <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exports_partners">Exports - partners:</a></b><br> US 24.3%, India 16.7%, China 12.1%, South Korea 8.2%, Italy 6.9%, Japan 6.6% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports">Imports:</a></b><br> $53.93 billion (2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 52 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$43.92 billion (2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/imports_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Imports country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_commodities">Imports - commodities:</a></b><br> food, medicine, manufactures <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#imports_partners">Imports - partners:</a></b><br> Turkey 24.2%, Syria 18.6%, China 14.4%, US 6.6% (2010) <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:</a></b><br> $53.47 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 32 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$48.61 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/reserves_of_foreign_exchange_and_gold_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#debt_external">Debt - external:</a></b><br> $45.29 billion (31 December 2011 est.) <br><span style="padding-left:7px;">country comparison to the world: 59 <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">$52.58 billion (31 December 2010 est.) <br>[see also: <a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/economy/debt_external_2012_0.html" target="_blank"><u>Debt - external country ranks</u></a> ] <p><b><a href = "http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html#exchange_rates">Exchange rates:</a></b><br> Iraqi dinars (IQD) per US dollar - <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1,170 (2011 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1,170 (2010 est.) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1,170 (2009) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1,176 (2008) <div class="category_data" style="padding-top: 3px;">1,255 (2007) </font> <p> <p> <BR> <P> <font size = "-2"><B> NOTE: The information regarding Iraq on this page is re-published from the 2012 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Iraq Economy 2012 information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about Iraq Economy 2012 should be addressed to the CIA. </B></font> </P> <br> <hr> <a href="#" onClick="AddToFaves_hp()"><img src="http://www.theodora.com/images/bookmark_banner.gif" align="left" width="176" height="52" border="0"></a><font color=brown> - Please bookmark this page (add it to your favorites). <br> - If you wish to <b>link</b> to this page, you can do so by referring to the URL address below this line.</font> <hr> http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/iraq/iraq_economy.html <br><br> This page was last modified 06-Mar-12 <br> Copyright &copy 1995-2012 <a href="http://www.theodora.com/ita.html">ITA</a> all rights reserved. <br> </td> <td width=200 valign="top" align="left" background="http://www.theodora.com/wfb2008/images/light_blue.gif"> <!-- SiteSearch Google --> <br> <form action="http://www.google.com/cse" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-7437757543052749:i8v5yg-obf2" /> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /> <input type="text" name="q" size="26" /> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box&lang=en"></script> <!-- End SiteSearch Google --> <font size="2" face="arial"> <b> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb">|Main INDEX|</a> <li><a href="../index.html">2012 INDEX</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/rankings/index.html">Country Ranks</a> <li><a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfb/wfb2000/definitions.html">DEFINITIONS</a> <br><br> <a href="index.html">Iraq Index 2012</a> <br><br> <a href="http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/iraq/index.html">Iraq Main Index</a> <li><a href="iraq_introduction.html">Introduction</a> <li><a href="http://workmall.com/wfb2001/iraq/iraq_history_index.html">History</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/iraq/geography/index.html">Geography</a> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/iraq/climate/iraq_climate_climate.html">Climate</a> <li>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theodora.com/maps">Maps</a><br> <li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/iraq/society/index.html">People</a><br> </b> &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.photius.com/religion">Religion</a> <b><li><a href="http://www.photius.com/countries/iraq/government/index.html">Government</a><br></B> &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="iraq_chiefs.html"> Gov. 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